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Log inCurrent date/time is Tue Nov 24, 2009 8:34 am
Topic review
jawaban gitu lho
by Admin on Tue Apr 14, 2009 8:02 am
Explain how advances in telecommunications have affected product life cycles and the marketing of products internationally.
Your Answer:
Advances in telecommunications have alerted consumers around the world to the latest product introductions. Consumers in developing and emerging markets want the latest products, not yesterday's products imported from developed nations. This coupled with the increased pace of technological innovation and new product development, are shortening the life cycles of products.
Explain what a pull promotional strategy is and how it works.
Your Answer:
A pull promotional strategy is designed to create buyer demand encouraging channel members to stock a company's product. The strategy uses advertising, samples and other direct market techniques aimed directly at end-users to create demand. The end-users then seek to buy the product from retailers, who then ask wholesalers, who then ask manufacturers to supply the product. The process results in products being "pulled" through the distribution channel to end-users.
Under what conditions might a company use the product invention strategy in a target market?
Your Answer:
Product invention is often necessary when many important differences exist between the home and target markets. One reason for product invention is that local buyers cannot afford a company's current product because of low purchasing power. The strategy may also be necessary because of a lack of adequate infrastructure needed to operate certain products.
How does value density affect the distribution strategy for a product?
Your Answer:
The lower a product's value density, the more localized the distribution system is. Products that are heavy but not particularly valuable (low value-density) are costly to transport long distances from where the goods are made. Consequently, such products tend to be processed or manufactured near to their locations of origin. This also means manufacturing or processing might need to be established as near as possible to markets. Products that are light but highly valuable (high value-density) are not costly to transport relative to their value. These products can be processed or manufactured in an optimal location and shipped to market. Distance between location of manufacture and location of markets is not extremely important.
Why is a worldwide pricing policy very difficult to achieve in practice?
Your Answer:
There are at least five reasons why a worldwide pricing policy is difficult to achieve: (1) Selling prices often reflect different costs of production across markets and it may not be possible for a company with production facilities in each of its markets to maintain similar production costs; (2) Even if a company produces in just one location, the cost of exporting to certain markets is likely to be higher than the cost of exporting to others; (3) Distribution costs differ within markets once a company gets its product into the target market; and (4) The purchasing power of local buyers varies across markets.
What key factors of the business environment are important for facilities location planning?
Your Answer:
Important factors include: the cost and availability of labor and management, raw materials, component parts, and energy; political stability; extent of regulation and bureaucracy; economic development; and local culture.
How does the supply and cost of land influence facilities layout planning?
Your Answer:
Where the supply of land is limited and its cost is high, such as in Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, companies must use available space wisely by designing compact facilities. In countries such as Canada, China, and the United States, however, there is an abundance of land. The resulting lower cost of land gives companies greater flexibility in designing facilities.
Explain why a company would buy a good or service from another company rather than make it itself.
Reasons to buy versus make include: (1) Buying can be the lower-cost option; (2) It can lower risk-especially political risk-as compared with making; (3) It can provide greater flexibility, especially when buying from several sources; and (4) It can give a company greater market power by helping it become an important customer of its suppliers.
Why do Western companies reinvest heavily in China despite uncertain short-term profits?
Your Answer:
When doing business in China, non-Chinese companies can face significant obstacles, including corruption, red tape, distribution problems, and a vague legal system. Yet Western companies continue to reinvest heavily in China because they expect long-term returns on their investments. Most of these companies invest in production facilities to benefit from a low-cost labor pool and low-cost energy.
What might a non-U.S. company gain by issuing American Depository Receipts (ADRs)?
Your Answer:
Advantages of issuing ADRs include: (1) Investors who buy ADRs pay no currency-conversion fees; (2) No minimum purchase requirements for investors who buy ADRs; and (3) Mutual funds in the United States are not bounded by upper limits on the amount of money they can invest in a non-U.S. company.
Your Answer:
Advances in telecommunications have alerted consumers around the world to the latest product introductions. Consumers in developing and emerging markets want the latest products, not yesterday's products imported from developed nations. This coupled with the increased pace of technological innovation and new product development, are shortening the life cycles of products.
Explain what a pull promotional strategy is and how it works.
Your Answer:
A pull promotional strategy is designed to create buyer demand encouraging channel members to stock a company's product. The strategy uses advertising, samples and other direct market techniques aimed directly at end-users to create demand. The end-users then seek to buy the product from retailers, who then ask wholesalers, who then ask manufacturers to supply the product. The process results in products being "pulled" through the distribution channel to end-users.
Under what conditions might a company use the product invention strategy in a target market?
Your Answer:
Product invention is often necessary when many important differences exist between the home and target markets. One reason for product invention is that local buyers cannot afford a company's current product because of low purchasing power. The strategy may also be necessary because of a lack of adequate infrastructure needed to operate certain products.
How does value density affect the distribution strategy for a product?
Your Answer:
The lower a product's value density, the more localized the distribution system is. Products that are heavy but not particularly valuable (low value-density) are costly to transport long distances from where the goods are made. Consequently, such products tend to be processed or manufactured near to their locations of origin. This also means manufacturing or processing might need to be established as near as possible to markets. Products that are light but highly valuable (high value-density) are not costly to transport relative to their value. These products can be processed or manufactured in an optimal location and shipped to market. Distance between location of manufacture and location of markets is not extremely important.
Why is a worldwide pricing policy very difficult to achieve in practice?
Your Answer:
There are at least five reasons why a worldwide pricing policy is difficult to achieve: (1) Selling prices often reflect different costs of production across markets and it may not be possible for a company with production facilities in each of its markets to maintain similar production costs; (2) Even if a company produces in just one location, the cost of exporting to certain markets is likely to be higher than the cost of exporting to others; (3) Distribution costs differ within markets once a company gets its product into the target market; and (4) The purchasing power of local buyers varies across markets.
What key factors of the business environment are important for facilities location planning?
Your Answer:
Important factors include: the cost and availability of labor and management, raw materials, component parts, and energy; political stability; extent of regulation and bureaucracy; economic development; and local culture.
How does the supply and cost of land influence facilities layout planning?
Your Answer:
Where the supply of land is limited and its cost is high, such as in Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, companies must use available space wisely by designing compact facilities. In countries such as Canada, China, and the United States, however, there is an abundance of land. The resulting lower cost of land gives companies greater flexibility in designing facilities.
Explain why a company would buy a good or service from another company rather than make it itself.
Reasons to buy versus make include: (1) Buying can be the lower-cost option; (2) It can lower risk-especially political risk-as compared with making; (3) It can provide greater flexibility, especially when buying from several sources; and (4) It can give a company greater market power by helping it become an important customer of its suppliers.
Why do Western companies reinvest heavily in China despite uncertain short-term profits?
Your Answer:
When doing business in China, non-Chinese companies can face significant obstacles, including corruption, red tape, distribution problems, and a vague legal system. Yet Western companies continue to reinvest heavily in China because they expect long-term returns on their investments. Most of these companies invest in production facilities to benefit from a low-cost labor pool and low-cost energy.
What might a non-U.S. company gain by issuing American Depository Receipts (ADRs)?
Your Answer:
Advantages of issuing ADRs include: (1) Investors who buy ADRs pay no currency-conversion fees; (2) No minimum purchase requirements for investors who buy ADRs; and (3) Mutual funds in the United States are not bounded by upper limits on the amount of money they can invest in a non-U.S. company.